NIKKEN SEKKEI URBANISM
109/136

those communities that were affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, to provide residents with a feeling of safety while continuing to live in their own homes. It started out as a tool to show evacuation routes immediately after a disaster within a community where roads and safe shelters had been destroyed. As development proceeded, the potential for use beyond disaster stricken areas became clear. Ever since its inception, the project has been attracting a lot of attention and is expected to be able to play a pivotal role in community planning in the era of contraction where the development of future evacuation plans and town planning for safe future communities may be based on the map. As architects and planners we realized that one of the best ways to help was to give a visual form to the risks people face in those areas. It was evident that it would be easier for the residents to build a consensus for reconstruction if their nebulous fears could be reduced and they could share and understand the actual risks they face.With that in mind, we started to visualize the risks of inundation by tsunami and insufcient escape time. Past records of tsunami and floods were superimposed to display the history of inundations and the resulting overlap showed the degree of risk at a glance. Next, in order to visualize the risk of insufficient escape time, goals were established on roads leading to areas that have never been ooded. These goals were then thoroughly discussed with the local residents resulting in identification of points with proper road access, which have never been inundated. Finally, the roads were colored bearing in mind that the escape time to a safe area should be within three minutes. Our standard was based on the average walking speed of the elderly who would normally walk at a speed of 43 m per minute uphill. The colors were changed after every 3 minutes or 129 m to express time and distance. Policies must be selected according to the recovery phase. Using a NIGECHIZU will enable the participants to select the most cost-effective policies. This way, NIGECHIZU is not simply a detailed evacuation map but also a map built from shared efforts to rebuild a community. By expressing these things in a manner that is easy to understand, we hope that this map will help to prevent misunderstandings amongst the residents, experts and the government. This will then support effective solutions to acknowledged issues based on real analysis and promote the smooth recovery of the region.In addition to the above, we are also developing a programming tool that will enable more people to be involved in this community development program—simple to use, new roads can be added by clicking on the map. As and when new roads are added, the color will change depending on the travel time and distance. The program can instantaneously calculate the cost of each measure, reduction in evacuation time and number of locations that have become safe and is capable of running several simulations simultaneously. In order to make the program more effective, we are also developing a device that will allow handwritten inputs. This will help to more easily include the opinions of all people, including children and senior citizens.OUTLOOKWe often focus on Sustainability of development with regard to both the urban and natural environment, but we must also be aware that our natural environment can be very demanding in itself and our resilience as a community of citizens is vital to the sustainability of our existence. Here in Japan, on the edge of the “Pacic rim of Fire”, we are keenly aware of this and the implications if we are not adequately prepared. Indeed on a more specific basis, at a finer grain than the urban scale, The Nikken Group has a dedicated BCP (Business Continuity Planning) consultancy service to help ensure organizations can retain their operations and community services in the event of disaster.Meiji-Yasuda Earthquake Showa Sanriku-okiValdivia earthquake3.11 Great East Japan EarthquakeArea of Inundation based on Tsunami Damaging Mapping by Association of Japanese Geographers3Time in min.69121518129Distance in m.2583875166457742190324min1032mNIGECHIZU map for Kesennuma in Miyagi Prefecture

元のページ 

page 109

※このページを正しく表示するにはFlashPlayer10.2以上が必要です