Amity with Environment 2006 From Town to Building March, 2006

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The First and Second Oil Shocks made the promotion ofenergy saving an important challenge. In recent years, globalwarming and the urban heat island effect have come to the fore.There is an awareness that the building field has a major impacton these problems, in the ways described below.1. Depletion of resources; The building field accounts forapproximately 30% of Japanese consumption of fossilenergy.2. Global warming; The building field accounts for 36% ofJapanese CO2 generation.3. The urban heat island effect; Buildings are the source forapproximately 50% of artificial heat generation (in the 23wards of Tokyo).People professionally involved with buildings must beaware of their great responsibility.This background has prompted Nikken Sekkei toemphasize the realization of “energy-saving buildings”and“buildings with affinity for the environment”since the 1970s, andwe have striven to realize these goals in a number of trailblazingbuildings. We have published our basic ideas and their fruits in“Energy-saving in architecture”(1992), “Amity withEnvironment”(1992) and “Amity with Environment - Continued”(1997). Through these various activities, we have made a fewsteps described below towards “The creation of a newgeneration of buildings with affinity for the environment,”a goalwe strongly aspire to.The importance of realizing urban districts and citieswith affinity for the environmentWe have reached the strongly-held perception that“buildings with affinity for the environment”cannot be achievedby building-related efforts alone. For example, if a building is towork with natural ventilation, it must have openable windows, butbefore that is possible, the district and city in which the buildingstands must be developed to have low levels of atmosphericpollution and noise. To put it another way, buildings with affinityfor the environment only become possible after that same affinityis achieved in districts and in whole cities. Rather than thinkingabout construction alone, we must expand the space weconsider, so that it encompasses the district and the city.When one looks from that standpoint, the importance ofexterior planning within the building site becomes clear. Exteriorplanning for a building is an element linking the building withadjacent sites, and with its district. An exterior plan thatharmonizes with adjacent sites creates centers of greenerythrough the town. It is also possible to create tree-lined avenueswhen adjacent buildings are harmonized. This kind ofdevelopment can expand vegetation in districts and cities, frompoints to lines, and then to planes. In designing buildings, webelieve it is very important to look from a standpoint of the publicinterest.It is key to realize buildings with affinity for theenvironment throughout their life cyclesWe believe it is important to think about buildings within abroader temporal and spatial framework. Follow-up through thelife cycle is vital for achieving buildings with affinity for theenvironment. At present we see cases in which buildings are notoperated in ways that are true to their design concepts.Application of the PDCA (Plan –Do –Check –Action) cycle is animportant tool for achieving buildings that maintain affinity for theenvironment throughout their life cycles.The first step is to set clear definitions and target values forthe ”building with affinity for the environment." The second is toverify whether the target values set at the design stage can beachieved. It also means reflecting the results of that verification inthe design plans.Third is the construction stage, at which the ability of thedelivered and installed equipment to achieve the above-mentioned targets is verified. Thorough commissioning andadjustment are also performed to achieve the targetperformance.The fourth stage is the operation stage, which confirmswhether the building achieves the annual performance targets inyear-round operation. Alterations are made as necessary.Expansion of environmental and energy management isimportantBuildings and districts with affinity for the environmentcannot be realized without in-depth management of theenvironment and energy. The following two managementmethods are particularly important.The first is Area Environment and Energy Management(AEEM). Regrettably, area developments to date, whether theyare green-field projects or redevelopments, have tended to lackTowards the creation of a new generation of buildings withaffinity for the environmentKatashi MatsunawaNIKKEN SEKKEI Senior Executive Officer Environmental and Energy Engineering56環境親話2006まちから建築へ　日建設計―FACT－NIKKEN SEKKEI・Member of the committee about electrical load levering,Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry・Member of the committee about social capital, Ministry of land Infrastructure and Transport・Chairman of the committee about commissioning,The Society of Heating, Air-conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan・Part-time instructor of post graduateschool，Study of the design for coexists with environment,WasedaUniversity, Yokohama National University and Tokyo Institute of Technology

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